How likely is this to be a heart problem, asthma, or panic attack?

Denises shield is very exchangeablely to be a bone marrow storm or what is medically cognise as the bully myocardial infarction (MI). Asthma was eliminated in the diagnosis because there was no preceding indication that Denise had been capable to allergens, sensitizer, irritants or any form of air pollution. Asthma is associated with degenerative inflammation of the glower respiratory piece of ground and requires a triggering factor like sensation of those mentioned above (Fauci, et al., 2008).Cardiac ischaemia was besides considered except was eliminated because of the absence of its hallmark sign of angina pectoris pectoris. An asymptomatic cardiac ischemia was to a fault not considered because Denise gives some symptoms like breathlessness or dyspnea, anxiety, irregular licking of the rawness and cold sweating. These symptoms, however, atomic number 18 present in painless knifelike myocardial infarction.It had also been indicated in several studies that hin dquarters ingest also increases the peril of MI (Fauci, et al., 2008). Although Denise had not been smoking, she is in close linkup with someone who had been a chronic fairy smoker, her husband. It could be inferred that Denise had suffered from second hand smoking and is, therefore, at risk of having a flavor disease, too.2. Why do you say this? What atomic number 18 the symptoms that atomic number 18 consistent with your preliminary diagnosis? Is there anything unusual?Myocardial infarction usually presents with pain as the foreland complaint of the patient. The pain felt was usually described as heavy, squeezing, and crushing. In noble-minded skids, the pain is also described as stabbing or burning. It is very identical to the pain experience in cases of angina pectoris or chest pain. However, pain of MI usually occurs at rest, more severe, and lasts longer.In our case, however, no pain was felt. Nevertheless, this is not to be used as a groundwork in eliminating th e possibility of MI. The clinical exhibit of Denises case is frontiered as the painless myocardial infarction. The pro batch of painless MI is greater in elderly patients and is and usually presents with breathlessness, appearance of an arrhythmia, and a sensation of fundamental weakness (Bayer, Chadha, Farag, & Pathy, 1986).An arrhythmia is the medical term referring to irregular beating of the meat. Denises case is a type of arrhythmia called tachycardia or the abnormal increase in heart rate, i.e. heart is beating very riotous (Guyton, 2006). MI, in general, is also accompanied by sweating, anxiety, and a sense of impending assign (Fauci, et al., 2008). All these clinical presentations had been experienced by Denise.The type O-poor blood from the (1) right atrium empties to the (2) right ventricle, which past pumps blood to the (3) pulmonic artery. The blood accordingly enters the pulmonary circulation through the (4) pulmonary arterioles and pulmonary capillaries where exchange of gases takes place.The oxygen-rich blood the goes back to the heart via the (5) pulmonary vein and empties to the (6) left atrium and indeed passes to the (7) left ventricle. The left ventricle thus pumps the oxygen-rich blood to the (8) aorta, the largest artery, and flows through the large (9) systemic arteries to reach the organs they run.The blood hence flows through (10) arterioles and (11) capillaries of the organs to deliver oxygen and nutrients. Cellular waste products and carbon dioxide argon exchanged for nutrients and oxygen at the take of the capillaries.The blood thus passes through the (12) venules and then to the (13) larger veins. Blood from the upper discoer of the body, e.g. head and upper extremities, drains into the (14) boss vein cava. Blood from the lower part of the body, e.g. stomach, intestines, and lower extremities, drains into the (15) inferior vena cava. Both the superior and inferior vena cava drains into the right atrium (Guyton, 20 06).3. What argon the characteristics of Denises lifestyle that might will to a heart problem?Denises genetic make-up predisposes her to hyper cholesterolemia. However, her diet aggravates her military position and causes her blood cholesterol level to be higher than normal. It has been shown that hypercholesterolemia induces the formation of coronary artery disease (Prassad & Kalra, 1993).The disruption of atherosclerotic plaques attracts platelets and promotes the formation of thrombus or blood clot leading to bulwark of blood supply to the heart. Hence, patients with hypercholesterolemia are at very high risk of having myocardial infarction.From the case, it could also be garner that Denise is closely associated with a man who had been a chronic cigarette smoker and that she has been exposed to second hand smoking. Smoking had been run aground in many studies to be associated with the change magnitude risk of myocardial infarction. Tobacco contains nicotine that promotes v ascular constriction and aggravates the narrowing of vessels caused by of atherosclerosis (Wilhelmsson, Vedin, Elmfeldt, Tibblin, & Wilhemsen, 1975 Rosenber, Plamer, & Shapiro, 1990).Denise had also been undergoing a lot of emotional and physical stress, which had been found to trigger smashing MI (Gelernt & Hochman, 1993). Also there are several facts that point to Denises predisposition to MI such as ageing and being in early menopausal stage (Rosenberg, Hennekens, Rosner, Belanger, & Speizer, 1981).4. Has Denise suffered a heart attack?Indeed, Denise had suffered from heart attack or acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, her case might, in the early part of the case, have solo been a painless and mild MI. The infarct located on her left ventricle. This is due(p) to the obstruction on her left anterior descending artery, the major blood supply of the left ventricle.The left ventricle is a high pressure chamber and, therefore, demands a very high blood supply. Her case ma y have developed over the years such that angiogenesis, i.e. formation of mod blood vessels, or the opening of substantiating vessels had provided her with heart enough blood that the infracted portion is not very great (Fauci, et al., 2008). She also presents the symptoms typical of older women presenting painless MI with dyspnea or what is commonly known as breathlessness, anxiety, tachycardia, and sweating.5. Define the following harm cholesterol, hypercholesterolemia, cardiac ischemia, collateral vessels, angina pectoris, and plaque.Cholesterol is the better(p) know steroid probably because of its acquaintance with atherosclerosis and other various heart disease. Biochemically, it is also of great importance because it is the precursor of equally important steroids that include the adrenocortical hormones, sex hormones, vitamin D, and bile acids. It occurs in animals but not in plants or bacteria. innovation 4 shows the chemical structure of cholesterol (Murray, Granner, & Rodwell, 2006).